References

1.     Pantel AR, Eiber M, Beyder DD, Kendi AT, Laforest R, Rauscher I, et al. SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline for Palliative Nuclear Medicine Therapies of Bone Metastases. J Nucl Med Technol [Internet]. 2023 Sept [cited 2025 Nov 5];51(3):176–87. Available from: http://tech.snmjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2967/jnmt.123.265936

2.     Blake GM, Zivanovic MA, Blaquiere RM, Fine DR, McEwan AJ, Ackery DM. Strontium-89 therapy: measurement of absorbed dose to skeletal metastases. Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 1988;29:549–57.PMID: 3351609

3.     Finlay IG, Mason MD, Shelley M. Radioisotopes for the palliation of metastatic bone cancer: a systematic review. The Lancet Oncology 2005;6:392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70206-0.

4.     Breen SL, Powe JE, Porter AT. Dose estimation in strontium-89 radiotherapy of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 1992;33:1316–23.PMID: 1613572

5.     ICRP. ICRP Publication 53. Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals. Annals ICRP 1988;18. 0 08 035591 9

6.     Vigna L, Matheoud R, Ridone S, Arginelli D, Della Monica P, Rudoni M, et al. Characterization of the [(153)Sm]Sm-EDTMP pharmacokinetics and estimation of radiation absorbed dose on an individual basis. Phys Med 2011;27:144–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2010.08.001.

7.     Loeb DM, Hobbs RF, Okoli A, Chen AR, Cho S, Srinivasan S, et al. Tandem dosing of samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid with stem cell support for patients with high-risk osteosarcoma. Cancer 2010;116:5470–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25518.

8.     Senthamizhchelvan S, Hobbs RF, Song H, Frey EC, Zhang Z, Armour E, et al. Tumour dosimetry and response for 153Sm-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid therapy of high-risk osteosarcoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012;53:215–24. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.096677.

9.     Eary JF, Collins C, Stabin M, Vernon C, Petersdorf S, Baker M, et al. Samarium-153-EDTMP biodistribution and dosimetry estimation. Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 1993;34:1031–6.PMID: 7686217

10.     Sapienza MT, Ono CR, Guimarães MIC, Watanabe T, Costa PA, Buchpiguel CA. Retrospective evaluation of bone pain palliation after samarium-153-EDTMP therapy. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2004;59:321–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812004000600003.

11.     Serafini AN, Houston SJ, Resche I, Quick DP, Grund FM, Ell PJ, et al. Palliation of pain associated with metastatic bone cancer using samarium-153 lexidronam: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1574–81. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.4.1574.

12.     Sartor O, Reid RH, Hoskin PJ, Quick DP, Ell PJ, Coleman RE, et al. Samarium-153-Lexidronam complex for treatment of painful bone metastases in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Urology 2004;63:940–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.01.034.

13.     Pacilio M, Ventroni G, Basile C, Ialongo P, Becci D, Mango L. Improving the dose–myelotoxicity correlation in radiometabolic therapy of bone metastases with 153Sm-EDTMP. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2014;41:238–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2552-2.

14.     Andreou M, Lagopati N, Lyra M. Re-186 and Sm-153 dosimetry based on scintigraphic imaging data in skeletal metastasis palliative treatment and Monte Carlo simulation. J Phys: Conf Ser 2011;317:012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/317/1/012013.

15.     Denis-Bacelar AM, Chittenden SJ, Dearnaley DP, Divoli A, O’Sullivan JM, McCready VR, et al. Phase I/II trials of 186Re-HEDP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: post-hoc analysis of the impact of administered activity and dosimetry on survival. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017;44:620–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3543-x.

16.     Liepe K, Hliscs R, Kropp J, Runge R, Knapp FF Jr, Franke WG. Dosimetry of 188Re-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate in human prostate cancer skeletal metastases. J Nucl Med. 2003 Jun;44(6):953-60. PMID: 12791825.

17.     Han SH, de Klerk JMH, Tan S, van het Schip AD, Derksen BH, van Dijk A, et al. The PLACORHEN study: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized radionuclide study with (186)Re-etidronate in hormone-resistant prostate cancer patients with painful bone metastases. Placebo Controlled Rhenium Study. J Nucl Med 2002;43:1150–6. PMID: 12215552

18.     Bodei L, Lam M, Chiesa C, Flux G, Brans B, Chiti A, et al. EANM procedure guideline for treatment of refractory metastatic bone pain. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2008;35:1934–1940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0841-y.